“Integration of Princely States” is a vital chapter in Modern Indian History and Polity, especially for UPSC, SSC, and State PSC exams. Here are 60 one-liner Q&A covering all key points: leaders, states, treaties, and chronology.
Read Morecovering its origin, principles, Tirthankaras, doctrines, sects, councils, symbols, literature, and teachings — highly useful for UPSC, SSC, State PSC, and other competitive exams.
Read MoreThese cover types, seasons, producing states, soils, irrigation, cropping patterns, crop diseases, revolutions, Agricultural Schemes, Revolutions & Government Programs in India — perfect for UPSC, SSC, State PSC, or Banking exams
Read MoreProminent Indian freedom fighters include Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Bhagat Singh, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Rani Lakshmibai.
Read MoreProminent Indian freedom fighters include Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Bhagat Singh, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Rani Lakshmibai.
Read MoreProminent Indian freedom fighters include Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Bhagat Singh, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Rani Lakshmibai.
Read MoreProminent Indian freedom fighters include Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Bhagat Singh, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Rani Lakshmibai. Other key figures like Chandra Shekhar Azad, Lala Lajpat Rai, Sarojini Naidu, and Mangal Pandey also played significant roles in the struggle against British rule.
Read MoreHill Ranges in India, covering Himalayas, Purvanchal Hills, Peninsular India, Eastern & Western Ghats, and islands
Read MoreFather of Genetics - Gregor Johann Mendel Father of India’s Space Programme - Vikram Sarabhai
Read MoreHere’s a comprehensive list of important Constitutional Amendments of India, arranged by exam relevance. This is perfect for UPSC, SSC, State PSC, and other competitive exams.
Read MoreWhich Indian state has the maximum number of rural bank branches? Uttar Pradesh
Read MoreThe five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate, ruling in succession from 1206 to 1526, were the Mamluk (or Slave) Dynasty (1206–1290), the Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526)
Read MoreThe Gandhi Era marks the phase of the Indian freedom movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, who introduced Satyagraha, Ahimsa (non-violence), and mass movements to achieve independence.
Read MoreSomnath Jyotirlinga (Gujarat): Known as “The Eternal Shrine” because it has been destroyed and rebuilt 17 times
Read MoreThe title Governor-General evolved to become Viceroy after the Government of India Act 1858 to signify the direct rule of the British Crown. The first Governor-General was Warren Hastings in 1773, and the first Viceroy was Lord Canning in 1858. The title of Viceroy was abolished after India's independence in 1947, with Lord Mountbatten becoming the first Governor-General of independent India, followed by the only Indian Governor-General, C. Rajagopalachari.
Read MoreWhich war led to the construction of India Gate? World War I (honoring Indian soldiers)
Read MoreWhat is the carrier of the Plasmodium parasite? Female Anopheles mosquito
Read MoreHow many times has there been a national emergency in India? Three times: 1962, 1971, and 1975
Read MoreIndia has nine neighbouring countries: Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar which share land borders, and Sri Lanka and the Maldives which share maritime borders
Read MoreWho is the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold medal? Abhinav Bindra
Read MoreProton – Ernest Rutherford (1917) Neutron – James Chadwick (1932)
Read MoreA chemical formula represents the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms. Example: H₂O → 2 atoms of Hydrogen + 1 atom of Oxygen
Read MoreFirst manned moon rover – Apollo 15 (1971) First successful Mars landing – Viking 1 (USA, 1976)
Read MoreFirst Indian Nobel Laureate – Rabindranath Tagore (Literature, 1913) First Indian to get Bharat Ratna – Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954)
Read MoreForeign Travellers in Ancient India, in Medieval India, and during the Mughal Period
Read MoreTop 1000 Indian Geography Miscellaneous Questions with Answers for any competitive exams (Part III)
Read MoreBrutal massacre led by General Dyer; turning point in the freedom movement: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919)
Read MoreFirst War of Independence (Sepoy Mutiny / Revolt of 1857)
Read MoreThe First Battle of Panipat took place on 21 April 1526 in North India, marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire
Read MoreSarojini Naidu (Hyderabad / All India) - First Indian woman president of INC; participated in Civil Disobedience & Quit India Movement.
Read MoreWhich Chief Justice acted as President of India? Justice Hidayatullah
Read MoreWhich state has no High Court in India? Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Nagaland do not have their own individual High Courts. These states are under the jurisdiction of the Gauhati High Court.
Read MoreWho can alter the boundaries of states? Parliament
Read MoreGanga: Tehri Dam (Bhagirathi tributary) Sutlej: Bhakra Dam
Read MoreThe Yamuna river meets the Ganges river at a place called "Triveni Sangam" in Allahabad (now officially known as Prayagraj). A city located in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Read MoreGanga is one of India's most significant rivers, originating from the Gangotri Glacier as the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand. It meets the Alaknanda River at Devprayag to form the Ganga and flows through the state of Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal.
Read MoreRath Yatra, Pongal, Onam, Hornbill festival, Bihu, Losoong, Mango festival, Durga Puja etc important fairs and festivals in India for competitive exams and general awareness.
Read MoreHere is a curated list of important Biology inventors and their inventions/discoveries, ideal for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, Railways, NEET, CDS, and State-level PSCs.
Read MoreWest Bengal is located in eastern India, bordering Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. Its major cities include Kolkata (the capital), Howrah, Durgapur, Asansol, and Siliguri.
Read MoreTop 1000 Indian Geography Miscellaneous Questions with Answers for any competitive exams (Part II)
Read MoreAsia is the largest continent on Earth by area and number of people, covering approximately 30 percent of the Earth's land area. It is mainly in the northern hemisphere. Asia is connected to Europe in the West.
Read MoreThere are 8 officially recognized classical dance forms of India, as per the Sangeet Natak Akademi and the Ministry of Culture.
Read MoreThese details highlight historical, cultural, and architectural significance — perfect for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, CDS, State PSCs, Railways, etc.
Read MorePractice Set (Polity and Constitution)
Read MoreTop 1000 Indian Geography Miscellaneous Questions with Answers for any competitive exams (Part I)
Read MoreBiology connects every aspect of life — structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms
Read MoreA chromosome is a thread-like structure located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histones. Chromosomes carry genes, which are units of heredity that determine traits and regulate bodily functions.
Read MoreDNA, RNA, genetics, and heredity are interconnected concepts that form the foundation of how life works. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information. RNA (ribonucleic acid) translates this information into proteins. Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and variation, while heredity refers to the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Read MoreThe digestive system is made up of the GI tract or digestive tract—and the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The small intestine has three parts. The first part is called the duodenum. The jejunum is in the middle and the ileum is at the end. The large intestine includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum.
Read MoreBiology connects every aspect of life — structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms
Read MoreA quick revision on World History – Important Firsts, People & Events
Read MoreIndia's river systems — the Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, Godavari, Krishna, Mahanadi, and others — are lifelines of the nation, shaping its geography, culture, and economy.
Read MoreIt is a fundamental tool in chemistry and related sciences, used to understand the relationships between elements and predict their behavior.
Read MoreThe Mauryan Empire, founded by Chandragupta Maurya around 321 BCE, with Pataliputra as its capital and guided by the brilliant strategist Chanakya, Chandragupta established a vast empire, defeating the Greeks and Nanda Dynasty.
Read MoreHere’s a brief overview of important artifacts and findings from major Indus Valley sites that reveal the culture, economy, and lifestyle of this ancient civilization
Read MoreThis one-liner Q&A collection offers a concise overview of the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's oldest urban cultures. Covering key discoveries, trade, town planning, agriculture, and notable archaeologists.
Read MoreFrom Buddha’s birth in Lumbini and his enlightenment under the Bodhi tree to core teachings like the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, it captures the essence of the faith and more—presented in an easy one-liner format for quick learning and retention.
Read MoreMany of the world's major cities are situated on the banks of rivers, benefiting from the resources and transportation opportunities they provide.
Read MoreMany of India's major cities are located on the banks of rivers, which have historically served as vital waterways for transportation, trade, and sustenance.
Read MoreThese ores are essential sources for extracting valuable metals used in various industries.
Read MoreHere is a neatly organized table of the mentioned straits, including the water bodies they connect and their locations
Read MoreThe 8th schedule is related to languages. Currently, there are 22 official languages(originally 14 languages) listed in the schedule of the Indian Constitution.
Read MoreHere is a table of famous Indian slogans and their originators:
Read MoreHistory and date of formation of Indian states since 1947
Read MoreHere is a table of modern Indian city names along with their ancient or old names:
Read MoreHere is a table of Presidents of India with their term, key facts, and distinctions:
Read MoreHere is a table of Vice-Presidents of India with their terms and key facts
Read MoreHere is a comprehensive table of Prime Ministers of India, including their terms, political parties, and key facts
Read MoreAssam was the first Indian state to implement the GST.
Read MoreParliamentary systems fall into two categories: bicameral and unicameral. Out of 190 national parliaments in the world, 78 are bicameral (156 chambers) and 112 are unicameral, making a total of 268 chambers of parliament with some 46,000 members of parliament.
Read MoreA national animal serves as a symbol or emblem reflecting the country's culture, values, heritage, or natural environment.
Read MoreIndia has 25 High Courts, each with jurisdiction over a specific state or union territory, or in some cases, multiple states/UTs.
Read MoreMount Everest known locally as Sagarmatha in Nepal and Qomolangma in Tibet, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level.
Read MoreIndia has several key regulatory bodies across different sectors. The major ones include the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for banking and finance, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) for the securities market, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) for insurance, and the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) for telecommunications.
Read MoreThese groups of revolutionary organizations were established in India to overthrow British rule through armed struggle, employed various tactics like assassinations, dacoities, and armed revolts to challenge British authority.
Read MoreThese organizations played a crucial role in disseminating anti-British sentiment and planning revolutionary activities.
Read MoreThe annual sessions of the Indian National Congress (INC) from 1885 to 1964, along with the names of their respective presidents
Read MoreImportant annual sessions of the Indian National Congress (INC) from 1885 to 1964
Read MoreIn this article, we are providing the list of political organizations or associations which was formed before the establishment of Congress.
Read MoreBombay was the birthplace of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885, with prominent leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Dadabhai Naoroji, and later Mohandas Gandhi being associated with the region.
Read MoreRise and Role of Left Movement in India
Read MoreThe primary cause of Sepoy Mutiny was the discontent among Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company’s army. The introduction of the new Enfield rifle, which required soldiers to bite cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, was deeply offensive to both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
Read MoreHere is a table of prominent historians and leaders with their views on the Revolt of 1857
Read MoreModern Universities were established in India in 1857 at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay
Read MoreThe British Raj has significantly influenced the Indian education system. Through many reforms and laws, the British changed the way of teaching in India.
Read MoreThe first education commission in India was the Hunter Commission. It was set up on February 3, 1882 under the Chairmanship of Sir William Hunter, a member of the Executive Council of Viceroy
Read MoreKey members included Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, Baldev Singh, C. Rajagopalachari, and Jagjivan Ram.
Read MoreHere is a table of notable authors and their associated works for quick reference
Read MoreHere is a well-organized table of historical Indian personalities and their associated titles or epithets
Read MoreHicky's Bengal Gazette was the first printed newspaper to be published in India.
Read MoreThese events involved acts of violence and sabotage against British rule, often led by organizations like the Anushilan Samiti and the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
Read MoreBabur wrote Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Chaghatai Turkic, an autobiography that provides insights into his life, character, military campaigns, and personal thoughts. It is one of the most important literary works from the Mughal period. It was translated into Persian language named Baburnama during the reign of his grandson, the emperor Akbar.
Read MoreBattle of Chausa (1539) and Battle of Kannauj (1540): Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Suri, the Afghan ruler.
Read MoreAkbar secured a decisive victory in the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), which marked the beginning of the re-establishment of Mughal rule in India.
Read MoreHere is a chronological table of important events during Akbar's reign (1556–1605)
Read MoreNavratnas (Nine Gems) in Akbar’s court and their key contributions
Read MoreJahangir struggled with severe alcohol and opium addiction throughout his life and died in 1627 while returning from a trip to Kashmir. His body was buried in Shahdara Bagh, near Lahore, in a magnificent mausoleum that became his final resting place.
Read MoreShah Jahan was the fifth Mughal Emperor and ruled from 1628 to 1658. He is most famous for commissioning the Taj Mahal, one of the most iconic architectural wonders of the world. His reign is often considered the height of Mughal architecture, wealth, and culture.
Read MoreNirvana means "blowing out" or "extinguishing," like a candle flame. Nirvana is the ultimate liberation, and those who attain it are no longer subject to the suffering of worldly existence. It is considered the highest spiritual attainment in Buddhism, leading to unshakable peace and profound insight. In attaining Nirvana, a person breaks free from the endless cycle of samsara—the process of birth, death, and rebirth.
Read MoreHere's a clear and concise table of ancient universities in India, their locations, and founders
Read MoreIt is observed in many Buddhist traditions as a key moment of the Buddha's life, often commemorated during festivals like Asalha Puja (Dhamma Day), which celebrates the first turning of the wheel of Dharma.
Read MoreHere's a neatly organized table of plants and their scientific names
Read MoreHere is a neatly organized table of animals and their scientific names
Read MoreThe pH value is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14 on the pH scale. A pH of 7 is neutral, while values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are basic (or alkaline).
Read MoreThe human skeleton of an adult usually consists of around 206 bones.
Read MoreHere's a structured summary of major bones in the human body by region
Read MoreThey are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B vitamins and C).
Read MoreAscorbic Acid: (Source of Vitamin C)
Read MoreOriginally composed by Rabindranath Tagore, and later adapted by Captain Ram Singh Thakuri of the Indian National Army. Sung for the first time on December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.
Read MoreBilateral exercise – These exercises are conducted between two countries.
Read MoreMadhya Pradesh is the geographical center of India. There is a village called Karondhi, near Jabalpur, which is supposedly the exact center of India. MP is called the ‘Heart of India, (geographical central location). It is also called the ‘Tiger State of India’ - The Kanha National Park (Jabalpur) is one of the most beautiful wildlife sanctuaries in India and is home to over 500 majestic Royal Bengal Tigers.
Read MoreThe Rann of Kutch, located in Gujarat, India, is a unique geographical and ecological region renowned for its stunning landscapes, cultural heritage, and biodiversity. It is one of the largest salt deserts in the world. Home to the Indian Wild Ass.
Read MoreOriginates near Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra flows through the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
Read MoreOriginates from the Trimbak Plateau near Nashik in Maharashtra, often referred to as the "Dakshina Ganga" or the "Ganges of the South.”
Read MoreIt originates from the Angsi Glacier in Tibet and flows through three countries: Southwestern China, Northeastern India, and Bangladesh.
Read MoreLargest tributary of the Ganges River originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Garhwal region of the lower Himalayas, in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand.
Read MoreMain stem of the Ganges begins at the town of Devprayag and flows through Rishikesh and Haridwar, where it descends from the Himalayas into the plains.
Read MoreNohkalikai Falls located near Cherrapunji is the tallest plunge waterfall in India.
Read MoreThese agricultural revolutions have played a crucial role in ensuring food security, improving rural livelihoods, and transforming India's agricultural sector into a more diversified and commercially viable industry.
Read MoreSambhar Lake is India's largest inland salt lake, located Jaipur district of Rajasthan.
Read MoreIndia's 12 biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme.
Read MoreIn the year 1951, Indian Railways was established by merging 42 different railway companies operating in the country. The first passenger train service commenced between Bombay (now Mumbai) and Thane.
Read MoreIndia has several major multipurpose river valley projects, which are designed for various purposes such as irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood control, water supply, and sometimes even for navigation and recreation.
Read MoreThe largest port in India is Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) / Nhava Sheva (Maharashtra)
Read MoreEyre Lake (Australia) was named in honour of Edward John Eyre, the first European to see it in 1840.
Read MoreThe study of the Moon is called Selenology. The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and is the fifth-largest moon in the solar system.
Read MoreThe Sun generates energy through nuclear fusion. Light from the Sun takes approximately 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach Earth.
Read MoreThe Jovian planets/outer planets of our Solar System are far away from the Sun, including Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Read MoreThe terrestrial planets/inner planets of our solar system are the four planets closest to the Sun, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Venus.
Read MoreThe major mountain passes in the Deccan Plateau region are primarily located within the Western Ghats and include Thal Ghat, Bhor Ghat, Palghat, and Chorla Ghat. These passes serve as crucial routes connecting the coastal regions of India with the interior Deccan Plateau.
Read MoreThe Aravali Range - one of the oldest fold mountains in the world. It is running in a northeast-to-southwest direction b/w Delhi and Palanpur in Gujarat. Its northeastern end is marked by the Delhi Ridge.
Read MoreThe Deccan Plateau consists of several smaller plateaus, which have been formed by the dissection of rivers. These are: Maharashtra Plateau, Karnataka Plateau, Telangana Plateau.
Read MoreThe Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, situated in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent. India has about 85% of the Thar Desert while the rest is in Pakistan.
Read MoreNine States – Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal. Two Union Territories – Daman and Diu and Puducherry also have a coastline.
Read MoreThe Himalayas stretch in a northwest-southeast direction from Jammu and Kashmir to Sikkim.
Read MoreImportant Himalayan passes include Khardung La, Zoji La, Rohtang Pass, Nathu La, Shipki La, Bara Lacha La, and Chang La. These passes are crucial for transportation, trade, and strategic defense in the region.
Read MoreHere is a clean and organized table of Glaciers in India with their Location (State/UT) and Mountain Range
Read MoreThe highest peak in the Himalayas of Independent India is Kanchenjunga, located in Sikkim(India) and Nepal. The highest peak in India is K2 (Godwin-Austin), situated in POK (Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir).
Read MoreThe highest and the youngest fold mountain ranges in the world run through six countries in South Asia: India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Bhutan, and Nepal.
Read MoreIndia is the world's seventh-largest country, located northern hemisphere, between 8°4' north and 37°6' north latitude, and 68°7' east and 97°25' east longitude.
Read MoreKey events and movements shaped this journey, including the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the rise of the Indian National Congress, Gandhi's non-violent resistance, and the Quit India Movement.
Read MoreHe was also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar meaning "Respected Father", played a pivotal role in the drafting of the Indian Constitution.
Read MoreSingh was awarded the Padma Shri in 1959. Nicknamed the "Flying Sikh" by Pakistan’s General Ayub Khan after a spectacular performance in a 200m race in Lahore in 1960
Read MoreOne of his most acclaimed works, Swami and Friends, published in 1935, introduced readers to the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi. Encouraged by British writer Graham Greene, who helped him find a publisher in England.
Read MoreHis magnum opus, Anandamath (1882), introduced the iconic patriotic hymn Vande Mataram became the national song of India’s freedom movement. The song powerfully symbolized the unity and sacredness of the motherland and inspired generations of freedom fighters.
Read MoreNazrul is revered as the National Poet of Bangladesh, and he was arrested for sedition due to his incendiary writings in Dhumketu.
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