India is located northern hemisphere, between 8°4' north and 37°6' north latitude, and 68°7' east and 97°25' east longitude.
India is the world's seventh-largest country.
In 2022, India overtook China as the country with the largest population in the world, with more than 1.43 billion people.
Area: 3,287,263 square km (2.42% of the World).
It stretches 3214 km from north to south and 2933 km from east to west.
The land frontier is 15,200 km and its coastline is 7,516.6 km(without Islands 6100 km).
Bounded by: The Great Himalayas (north), The Indian Ocean(south), Bay of Bengal(east), and Arabian Sea(west).
The northernmost point of India: Indira Col, located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
The southernmost point: Indira Point, a village in the Nicobar district at Great Nicobar Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. This village was named after former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The point was formerly known as Pygmalion Point and Parsons Point.
The easternmost point: Kibithu, a town in the Anjaw district of Arunachal Pradesh.
The westernmost point: Ghuar Moti, located in the Kutch District of Gujarat.
India shares land borders with seven countries and maritime borders with two other countries:
North-west: Pakistan and Afghanistan
India – Pakistan and India – Bangladesh boundary: Radcliffe line.
Pakistan – Afghanistan boundary: Durand line was established by Mortimer Durand in 1893.
North: China, Nepal, and Bhutan
India – China boundary: McMahon line is named after Sir Henry McMahon
East: Myanmar and Bangladesh
South: Sri Lanka (maritime boundary) and the Maldives (maritime boundary).
Sri Lanka is separated from mainland India by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
States sharing international boundaries:
Bangladesh: total boundary 4096 km. Five states (Assam, West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, and Tripura). India has longest boundary with Bangladesh. Between Bangladesh and India is the fifth-longest land border in the world.
China: Total boundary 3488 km. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, and Arunachal Pradesh (shares the longest border with China, called the McMahon Line).
Pakistan: Total boundary 3323 km. Four states (Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Jammu & Kashmir).
Nepal: Total boundary 1751 km. 5 States (Bihar, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal).
Myanmar: Total boundary 1643 km. The four northeastern Indian states (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram).
Bhutan: Total boundary 699 km. 4 states (West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh).
Afghanistan: India's shortest land border at 106 km. 1 UT (Ladakh, POK region).
The Indian Standard Meridian (ISM):
Longitude 82°30'E, which passes through the city of Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh.
The ISM was declared the standard time zone for British India in 1905 and for the Dominion of India in 1947.
The ISM passes through five states: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh.
Ahead of Greenwich time by 5 hours and 30 minutes.
The Tropic of Cancer (23°30′N) passes through these 8 states in India: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.